Mankind has never at any time or in any place been without law. The original source of law is within us, not outside us. Thus any model of law which does not consider its source within our human nature, but treats it only as a construct external to man, is defective and incomplete. Any outer expression of law in the form of speech or writing is, without exception, the product or offspring of an internal source and reasoning, which is inherent in our human nature. From the first creation of mankind, this inborn, inherent law has always regulated, from within us, what is right and honourable, what is just and equitable, what is lawful, what to do and what to avoid. Thus no-one may plead ignorance of these inner dictates of justice and equity.
Where Does Law Come From? — Everything You Need To Know and Were Afraid to Ask
By Anna Von Reitz
The short answer is that all law, except “Natural Law” like the Law of Gravity, comes from religion. Some people wrinkle their noses, but it has to be discussed because it is the truth.
Modern psychology tells us that about five percent of us are born without a conscience. We call these people sociopaths and label them with various other descriptive names, but the bottom line is that they have no natural compass with respect to right or wrong. They learn what the rest of us consider right or wrong by rote, the same way a dog learns to fetch a newspaper without being able to read it, but they truly don’t have a clue why the rest of us consider certain things like stealing, lying, or adultery to be “wrong”. So how do we get these ideas in the first place?
Part of it is natural empathy, which most of us possess. We hate it when someone lies about us or something or someone we care about, so we come to the conclusion that lying is wrong. In the same way, we conclude that stealing is wrong, and so on.
Throughout this planet there is a generalized understanding of what is “right” and what is “wrong” on this basis alone.
Organized religions have, again, generally speaking, taken these basic conclusions and according to their own history and traditions have made them part of their doctrine— their rules of belief and behavior by which their society is defined and identified. That process has, in turn, given rise to their systems of law and concepts of justice.
The Western World has been dominated by Judaism and Christianity and Islam for the last two millennia. All three of these major world religions are rooted in one book— The Bible, and in particular, the Old Testament of the Bible. It should come as no surprise from the foregoing that all forms of law currently used by western societies including Sharia Law have their roots in the Old Testament, and the Bible remains the basis of all Law of the Land….
Download PDF: http://annavonreitz.com/wherelawcomesfrom.pdf
Also read: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/bible/
A Brief Report
By Anna von Reitz
Basic Concepts and Discussion
1. The natural world is organized according to air, land, and sea.
2. The systems of law and the governments and institutions of men have also been organized according to “jurisdictions” of air, land, and sea.
3. The jurisdiction of the land is national in nature.
4. The jurisdiction of the sea is international in nature.
5. The jurisdiction of the air is global in nature.
6. All actual assets, gold, silver, land, etc., have their existence on or in the land.
7. All fictional assets, titles, stocks, bonds, etc. have their existence on or in the sea.
8. There is a point of interface between land and sea known as international land jurisdiction
established by the postal district(s), postal offices, and post roads which interface with sea lanes
designated for international trade and travel.
9. As a result, a “corporate” entity which is private and non-commercial and unincorporated, like a Mom and Pop business, for example, Steve’s Food Store, may interface with and do business with an “incorporated” entity established by a corporate charter, like Food Services of America, Inc.
10. This sort of business relationship takes place in the realm of International Trade, not Commerce, because Steve’s Food Store is not incorporated.
11. In order for commerce to occur both entities must be incorporated and functioning under a charter granted by an unincorporated (sovereign) entity.
12. Unincorporated businesses function under “full commercial liability” and have to “indemnify” themselves.
13. Incorporated businesses function under “limited commercial liability” and have to “insure” themselves.
14. As a result, an unincorporated government such as the Shawnee Tribal Council or the United States of America (Unincorporated) can charter an incorporated business, such as Grand Fox, Inc., or the State of Illinois, Inc., but no incorporated entity can create an unincorporated one.
15. This is because a man can create and name an organization and stipulate a purpose and function for that organization, but such an organization cannot create a man.
16. In the past, unincorporated governments have created and chartered governmental services corporations in an effort to manage risk. So, the United States of America (unincorporated) or Delaware (unincorporated) could create and charter a commercial incorporated entity called the USA, Inc., or Delaware, Inc. or State of Oregon.
17. Those incorporated (chartered) entities, such as the State of Oregon were then free to establish relationships with other incorporated entities (that is, conduct commerce) and to spin off municipal franchises like the STATE OF OREGON.
18. Now that you see how this process works and know that the unincorporated entity (corporate but not incorporated) is really the source of all power in this system, the following pages will make better sense.
Examples:
Steve’s Food Store (Unincorporated) can create “Betty’s Market, Inc.” and then Betty’s Market, Inc. can create “municipal franchises” for itself — BETTY’S MARKET NYC, INC.
The United States of America (unincorporated) can create “State of Idaho, Inc.” and then this State of Idaho can create the franchise STATE OF IDAHO or CITY OF BOISE.
Obviously, it is of great importance to know whether a business is incorporated or
unincorporated, and if it is incorporated, under what charter and ownership?
Download PDF: http://annavonreitz.com/briefreportenglish.pdf
JUSTINIAN-DECEPTION: (HIDDEN-FOREIGN-TEXT-KNOWN-AS-DOG-LATIN)
Mother of all Deceptions: The Concept of Modern Day Slavery:
Downlod PDF: http://annavonreitz.com/doglatin/doglatin12817.pdf
Also read the BAR page to overstand what Courts of South Africa in fact are…
Common Law v. COMMON LAW
Download text: Common Law v. COMMON LAW
Also read: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/common-law/
Law of the Land vs. LAW OF THE SEA
The following is a list of words we the people use at common law land jurisdiction as opposed to the words the BAR legal system uses to entrap us into their sea jurisdiction by employing semantic deceit under colour of law; this is key to maintaining jurisdiction;
Download text: Law of the Land vs LAW OF THE SEA – 2022.11.28
Natural Law
The first order of law is Natural Law based on universal principles which agree with the nature and state of people without which the peace and happiness of society can never be preserved. Knowledge of natural laws may be attained merely by reason and from facts that agree with human nature. Natural Law exists regardless of whether it is enacted as statutory law.
Two of the most basic tenets of Natural Law are:
- That it is unlawful to harm others; and
- That it is lawful to prevent deliberate harm from occurring or continuing if one has reasonable ability to do so.
Source: http://www.itnj.org/knowledge-base/resources/itnj-peoples-law-library/natural-law-2/
The Golden Rule compels us to intervene when basic human rights violations take place. Natural Law provides people with the right to sanctuary, the right to contract voluntarily provided that we are trustworthy, and the right to obtain all knowledge necessary to inaugurate a truly viable future, amongst other rights. These rights are to be enjoyed by all men and women, and have never been – nor will ever be – the monopolized “property” of any group that isolates itself from the whole.
The Golden Rule
The Golden Rule is expressed in every culture and faith: The Golden Rule – 2021.11
The 3 Laws of Heaven
(1) Keep the peace;
(2) Treat others as you would like to be treated yourself;
(3) Respect the free will of others so long as it does no harm — are sufficient to rule the affairs of men and nations, if you adopt them and keep them and require your governments to do the same.
The One Law
Do no harm, cause no loss, let freedom reign.
Law of Peace v. Law of War
Also read: http://annavonreitz.com/lawofpeace1.pdf
Natural Law as a restraint against tyranny
By Judge Andrew P. Napolitano
William Barbe, Sott.net, Sat, 22 Nov 2014 20:25 UTC
Judge Andrew P. Napolitano, once a Fox News TV show host – and now an outspoken critic of the US government – delivered a short, intriguing, and, I believe, important speech at the Mises Institute in Costa Mesa, California, on November 8th, 2014.
He began by talking about the origins of Natural Laws, beginning with this quote from Sir Thomas More’s treason case under Henry VIII:
More was appealing to the jury of the Laws of Nature that restrain even the government. This was the classic Natural Law argument. More was not the originator of this argument; that was Saint Thomas Aquinas nearly 800 years ago. The English liberal philosopher John Locke picked up on this, as did Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence, and James Madison when he was a Scrivener for the US Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson’s version of More’s phrase – “We are endowed by our creator with certain inalienable rights and among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” – articulates the view that our rights come from our humanity. Napolitano asks: What are these rights that come from humanity? And how can the government trample them? The concept of Natural Rights articulated by Aquinas is that there are areas of human behavior for which we do not need a government permission slip in order to make free choices.
Things like freedom to develop your own personality, to think as you wish, to say what you think, the right to worship or not to worship, to assemble in groups or to refuse to assemble, to petition the government for redress of your differences, and the right to defend yourself against tyrants. These are the quintessential ‘American rights’. The right to be left alone, for example, codified in the Fourth Amendment today is called the ‘right to privacy’.
UZA comment: For South Africa codified in the Bill of Rights; section 14 states:
14. Privacy – Everyone has the right to privacy, which includes the right not to have
- their person or home searched;
- their property searched;
- their possessions seized; or
- the privacy of their communications infringed.
Napolitano answers with the theory that we have surrendered some of our rights to the government so that the government will protect the rights that we have not surrendered. The idea is that the government derives its power from the consent of the governed.
He argues that no one is alive today that consented when the Constitution was enacted, therefore it is a fiction. The fiction is that we consented to surrender our rights where in reality our rights have been stolen from us through the use of force. He goes on to explain the theory that what was surrendered to the government was limited to 16 discrete, unique, separately stated and articulated powers in the Constitution. The 9th Amendment says that just because we’ve listed a bunch of rights in the first 8, there are many others and it would be impossible to list them all. Then the 10th Amendment explains that just because we’ve given some power to the Federal Government – we the states – that doesn’t mean we’ve given them all power.
That is the concept of limited government. The government must stop when it wants to touch our Natural Rights. An example Napolitano gives is the fingers on his hand: “They belong to me. They cannot be taken away by majority vote or by legislation or by the commander of the Executive. They can only be taken away if I give them up myself.
Such is the case if you rob a bank: you violate the Natural Rights of the depositors. You can then be prosecuted and have your freedom of movement taken away because you surrendered your Natural Rights by robbing a bank. So you can voluntarily surrender your own Natural Rights but you can’t surrender somebody else’s Natural Rights because they are owned by the individual. Not collectively, not by groups nor government, but by individuals. That was the theory of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the founding generation of the United States of America.
Regrettably it is no longer the theory today. Napolitano goes on to state that today the government, to which none of us has consented, claims it has the authority by majority vote to assault those liberties that are a part of our humanity. He argues that our Natural Rights are ours and not the government’s to be taken away. The Constitution was written to prevent the government from doing that except by due process. Due process means if I rob a bank and they want to take away my freedom, they have to give me a jury trial and the full panoply of protections that come with it. Natural Rights can be summarized in four words: the presumption of liberty.
This means we are self-directed. We make our own choices. It is not our obligation to prove we are unworthy of incarceration. It is the government’s profound, unique obligation to prove that we are worthy of incarceration and it must do so before a jury of our peers. Napolitano agrees that it is an imperfect system but that is the best system that we can come up with.
The presumption of liberty, Napolitano explains, is that the rights we did not surrender to the government are retained for ourselves. They cannot be taken away by popular vote or a majority in the legislature or a command by a governor or a president.
He raises the question:
Is there any legitimate activity government has in a free society?
The answer is:
Yes. To protect the Natural Rights of the people in that society.
Meaning, instead of assaulting my freedom, my life, my liberty, and my property, the government should be protecting it!
He concludes his speech with a dire message for young people:
“Some of you must be prepared to die in a government prison and some of you must be prepared to die in a government town square to the sound of government trumpets blaring. When the time comes, you will know what to do because freedom lies in everyone’s heart, but it must do more than just lie there.”
Natural Law Education
Judge Andrew P. Napolitano: Taking Rights Seriously
Judge Andrew P. Napolitano: How the Courts Killed Natural Law
Judge Andrew P. Napolitano: Nation of Sheep
Aristotle on Natural Law
By a “law of nature,” then, Aristotle does not mean statutes, or a system of rules, discernible by intellectual perception; rather, what he means are recurring equalities or inequalities in the nature of things, which, he considers, serve to justify general claims involving the distribution of things and actions. Three important things should be noted about a “law of nature” in this sense:
First, Aristotle thinks that a “law of nature” may appropriately be invoked as grounds for disobeying a human law which contravenes it, since the “law of nature” has the higher authority. This is clear from his favorable reference to the Antigone of Sophocles and his willingness to contemplate jury nullification in the Rhetoric.[14] It is unclear from the text on what grounds Aristotle held that a law of nature has the higher authority; but we may speculate that his view here is connected with his views expressed elsewhere that the ultimate causes of nature are divine, and that human artifice should assist or complete nature rather than subvert it.[15]
Second, it may reasonably be wondered why, if something is a “law of nature,” it is not recognized and followed universally by human beings. In fact no prescription seems to be acknowledged by all cultures and times, not even “Do not murder.” The puzzling language of the Nicomachean Ethics, which defines nature as something that has the same “force” or “influence” in all times and places, suggests how Aristotle would deal with this problem.[16] His view seems to be that nature, for its part, invariably suggests to us the appropriateness of framing certain precepts (viz. concerning what is “just by nature”), but we, for our part, need to have the appropriate sensitivity to this influence. For example, on this view we frame a precept of the form, “Do not murder,” and say that this is just by nature, in view of our being sensitive to the “nearness and dearness” of each human being to every other.[17] This nearness and dearness is an objective reality about our similarity and potential reciprocal relationships with members of the same kind; yet we may fail to be sensitive to this reality. We do not, of course, merely intellectually perceive that human beings are near and dear to one another; rather, we sense or feel this ourselves, which is to say that we are inclined to regard another’s good as our own good, and we are prepared to act to protect and promote it. Yet it can happen, in some cultures or circumstances, that our sensitivity is suppressed or deformed, and in those unusual conditions the precept “Do not murder” will either not be articulated by us or will fail to have force. In such cases it is not nature that has changed, or the law of nature; nature remains the same, but we have failed to respond adequately to it, through a failure of sensitivity.
Third, it seems to be Aristotle’s view that a “law of nature” or what is “just by nature” never has an effect on our actions without some admixture of the conventional and the arbitrary. No precept is purely natural; all precepts are framed with a view to an application to particular circumstances, and for this something arbitrary will be required. Aristotle’s helpful example is of the difference between wholesale and retail measures: in all times and places, people use larger measures in wholesale markets than in retail; they do this in view of the nature of the case—the wholesale market involves a higher-level distribution of goods for sale, and therefore it calls for larger measures—and in this sense “by nature wholesale measures are larger than retail;” nonetheless, which measures to use at each level is purely a matter of convention: e.g. kilograms rather than pounds, and grams rather than ounces.
Read more at: http://www.nlnrac.org/classical/aristotle
William Blackstone on Natural Law
Sir William Blackstone is considered one of the “Old Authorities” on the Laws of England , Commentaries on the Laws of England in Four Books, vol. 1 [1753]
“but there have been few men more useful in their sphere, few whose example we can contemplate more profitably, few who better realized the wish so happily expressed by himself:—
“Untainted by the guilty bribe,
Uncursed amidst the harpy tribe;
No orphan’s cry to wound my ear,
My honour and my conscience clear;
Thus may I calmly meet my end,—
Thus to the grave in peace descend.”
Mr. Welsby – Lives of Eminent English Judges
Download: Blackstone on Natural Law – 2021.11
Who was Thomas More?
Thomas More, arguing as his own lawyer for alleged treason, for refusal to acknowledge Henry VIII as the head of the Roman Catholic Church of England. For that refusal he was beheaded.
When he was making his case to the jury, well of course the parliament or the king cannot make the round earth flat. Of course they cannot make a flat earth round. He is not only appealing to the common sense of his juries, he is appealing to their understanding of the natural law. Their understanding of the order of things, their understanding of the immutable laws that regulate and control even the king!
It is unfortunate that our present day kings, in their incredible arrogance, still seem to think that, they can make things in the world of ideas, behave in exactly the same way as things in the physical world.
Don’t you know that things in the world of ideas are non-scarce and non-rivalrous? They are what Ludwig von Mises calls “Free Goods”, because copies are potentially limitless. They “do not need to be economized.”
Our kings of today are in fact, playing God.
Who was Thomas Aquinas?
THE NATURAL LAW THEORY of THOMAS AQUINAS
Thomas D. D’Andrea, University of Cambridge
Thomas Aquinas is generally regarded as the West’s pre-eminent theorist of the natural law, critically inheriting the main traditions of natural law or quasi–natural law thinking in the ancient world (including the Platonic, and particularly Aristotelian and Stoic traditions) and bringing elements from these traditions into systematic relation in the framework of a metaphysics of creation and divine providence.
His theory sets the terms of debate for subsequent natural law theorizing. Thomas argues outright in the very first article of the first question of the Treatise on Law, that law (lex) essentially can be seen as an ordinance of reason directing activity toward some end, goal, or purpose, and the highest end or purpose we have as humans is our ultimate fulfillment, the full realization of our nature, or “happiness” as is commonly said in English. Hence all law is meant to sub-serve human happiness.[5]
But law has by common acknowledgement and usage a social function as well: it directs the activity of some collectivity to a common goal, and it does this authoritatively. So the true purpose of law is to sub-serve the happiness of all in the community.[6] But law does not merely recommend or suggest, it binds and commands.[7] Lawmakers in our familiar experience are thus recognized authority figures within a social community who address themselves to the reason of the members of that community, commanding them to shape their actions in certain specified ways.[8]
Because law has this essentially directive function, in order for an ordinance of reason from a recognized authoritative source to have the status of law, it must also be promulgated, or made public, so that it can perform its coordinating and directing work. Hence we have Thomas’s famous lapidary definition of law in the treatise: it is “an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community, and promulgated.” [9]
Read further at: http://www.nlnrac.org/classical/Aquinas
Who was John Locke?
Extracts from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; First published Sun Sep 2, 2001; substantive revision Tue Jul 10, 2012
John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704) was a British philosopher, Oxford academic and medical researcher. Locke’s monumental An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) is one of the first great defenses of empiricism and concerns itself with determining the limits of human understanding in respect to a wide spectrum of topics. It thus tells us in some detail what one can legitimately claim to know and what one cannot. Locke’s association with Anthony Ashley Cooper (later the First Earl of Shaftesbury) led him to become successively a government official charged with collecting information about trade and colonies, economic writer, opposition political activist, and finally a revolutionary whose cause ultimately triumphed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Among Locke’s political works he is most famous for The Second Treatise of Government in which he argues that sovereignty resides in the people and explains the nature of legitimate government in terms of natural rights and the social contract. He is also famous for calling for the separation of Church and State in his Letter Concerning Toleration. Much of Locke’s work is characterized by opposition to authoritarianism. This is apparent both on the level of the individual person and on the level of institutions such as government and church. For the individual, Locke wants each of us to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authorities or be subject to superstition. He wants us to proportion assent to propositions to the evidence for them.
On the level of institutions it becomes important to distinguish the legitimate from the illegitimate functions of institutions and to make the corresponding distinction for the uses of force by these institutions. Locke believes that using reason to try to grasp the truth, and determine the legitimate functions of institutions will optimize human flourishing for the individual and society both in respect to its material and spiritual welfare. This in turn, amounts to following natural law and the fulfillment of the divine purpose for humanity.
- Historical Background and Locke’s Life
John Locke (1632–1704) was one of the greatest philosophers in Europe at the end of the seventeenth century. Locke grew up and lived through one of the most extraordinary centuries of English political and intellectual history. It was a century in which conflicts between Crown and Parliament and the overlapping conflicts between Protestants, Anglicans and Catholics swirled into civil war in the 1640s. With the defeat and death of Charles I, there began a great experiment in governmental institutions including the abolishment of the monarchy, the House of Lords and the Anglican church, and the establishment of Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate in the 1650s.
- Locke’s Major Works on Education
Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education and his Conduct of the Understanding form a nice bridge between An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and his political works. Nathan Tarcov and Ruth Grant write in the introduction to their edition of these works: “The idea of liberty, so crucial to all of Locke’s writings on politics and education, is traced in the Essay to reflection on the power of the mind over one’s own actions, especially the power to suspend actions in the pursuit of the satisfaction of one’s own desires until after a full consideration of their objects (II. xxi 47, 51–52). The Essay thus shows how the independence of mind pursued in the Conduct is possible.”(Grant and Tarcov (1996) xvi).
Some Thoughts Concerning Education was first published in 1693.
In advocating a kind of education that made people who think for themselves, Locke was preparing people to effectively make decisions in their own lives — to engage in individual self-government — and to participate in the government of their country. The Conduct reveals the connections Locke sees between reason, freedom and morality. Reason is required for good self-government because reason insofar as it is free from partiality, intolerance and passion and able to question authority leads to fair judgment and action. We thus have a responsibility to cultivate reason in order to avoid the moral failings of passion, partiality and so forth. (Grant and Tarcov (1996) xii) This is, in Tarcov’s phrase, Locke’s education for liberty.
I turn now to Locke’s political writings. It is worth noting that the entry on Locke’s Political Philosophy, focusing on five topics, the state of nature, natural law, property, consent and toleration, goes into these topics in more depth than is possible in a general account and provides much useful information on the debates about them.
- The Two Treatises Of Government
The introduction of the work was written latter than the main text, and gave people the impression that the book was written in 1688 to justify the Glorious Revolution. We now know that the Two Treatises of Government were written during the Exclusion crisis and were probably intended to justify the general armed rising which the Country Party leaders were planning. It was a truly revolutionary work.
If we consider the state of nature before there was government, it is a state of political equality in which there is no natural superior or inferior. From this equality flows the obligation to mutual love and the duties that people owe one another, and the great maxims of justice and charity. Was there ever such a state? There has been considerable debate about this. Still, it is plain that both Hobbes and Locke would answer this question affirmatively.
4.2 Human Nature and God’s Purposes
If one takes survival as the end, then we may ask what are the means necessary to that end. On Locke’s account, these turn out to be life, liberty, health and property. Since the end is set by God, on Locke’s view we have a right to the means to that end. So we have rights to life, liberty, health and property. These are natural rights, that is they are rights that we have in a state of nature before the introduction of civil government, and all people have these rights equally.
If God’s purpose for me on earth is my survival and that of my species, and the means to that survival are my life, health, liberty and property — then clearly I don’t want anyone to violate my rights to these things. Equally, considering other people, who are my natural equals, I should conclude that I should not violate their rights to life, liberty, health and property. This is the law of nature. It is the Golden Rule, interpreted in terms of natural rights. Thus Locke writes: “The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone: and reason which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions…” (II. 2. 6). Locke tells us that the law of nature is revealed by reason. Locke makes the point about the law that it commands what is best for us. If it did not, he says, the law would vanish for it would not be obeyed. It is in this sense, I think, that Locke means that reason reveals the law. If you reflect on what is best for yourself and others, given the goal of survival and our natural equality, you will come to this conclusion. (See the section on the law of nature in the entry on Locke’s Political Philosophy.)
Locke does not intend his account of the state of nature as a sort of utopia. Rather it serves as an analytical device that explains why it becomes necessary to introduce civil government and what the legitimate function of civil government is. Thus, as Locke conceives it, there are problems with life in the state of nature. The law of nature, like civil laws can be violated. There are no police, prosecutors or judges in the state of nature as these are all representatives of a government with full political power. The victims, then, must enforce the law of nature in the state of nature. In addition to our other rights in the state of nature, we have the rights to enforce the law and to judge on our own behalf. We may, Locke tells us, help one another. We may intervene in cases where our own interests are not directly under threat to help enforce the law of nature. Still, the person who is most likely to enforce the law under these circumstances is the person who has been wronged. The basic principle of justice is that the punishment should be proportionate to the crime. But when the victims are judging the seriousness of the crime, they are more likely to judge it of greater severity than might an impartial judge. As a result, there will be regular miscarriages of justice. This is perhaps the most important problem with the state of nature.
4.3 The Social Contract Theory
Just as natural rights and natural law theory had a florescence in the 17th and 18th century, so did the social contract theory.
So, while Locke might admit that some governments come about through force or violence, he would be destroying the most central and vital distinction, that between legitimate and illegitimate civil government, if he admitted that legitimate government can come about in this way. So, for Locke, legitimate government is instituted by the explicit consent of those governed. (See the section on consent, political obligation, and the ends of government in the entry on Locke’s political philosophy.) Those who make this agreement transfer to the government their right of executing the law of nature and judging their own case. These are the powers which they give to the central government, and this is what makes the justice system of governments a legitimate function of such governments.
Ruth Grant has persuasively argued that the establishment of government is in effect a two step process. Universal consent is necessary to form a political community. Consent to join a community once given is binding and cannot be withdrawn. This makes political communities stable. Grant writes: “Having established that the membership in a community entails the obligation to abide by the will of the community, the question remains: Who rules?” (Grant, 1987 p. 115). The answer to this question is determined by majority rule. The point is that universal consent is necessary to establish a political community, majority consent to answer the question who is to rule such a community. Universal consent and majority consent are thus different in kind, not just in degree.
Grant writes: Locke’s argument for the right of the majority is the theoretical ground for the distinction between duty to society and duty to government, the distinction that permits an argument for resistance without anarchy. When the designated government dissolves, men remain obligated to society acting through majority rule.
It is entirely possible for the majority to confer the rule of the community on a king and his heirs, or a group of oligarchs or on a democratic assembly. Thus, the social contract is not inextricably linked to democracy. Still, a government of any kind must perform the legitimate function of a civil government.
4.4 The Function Of Civil Government
Locke is now in a position to explain the function of a legitimate government and distinguish it from illegitimate government. The aim of such a legitimate government is to preserve, so far as possible, the rights to life, liberty, health and property of its citizens, and to prosecute and punish those of its citizens who violate the rights of others and to pursue the public good even where this may conflict with the rights of individuals. In doing this it provides something unavailable in the state of nature, an impartial judge to determine the severity of the crime, and to set a punishment proportionate to the crime. This is one of the main reasons why civil society is an improvement on the state of nature. An illegitimate government will fail to protect the rights to life, liberty, health and property of its subjects, and in the worst cases, such an illegitimate government will claim to be able to violate the rights of its subjects, that is it will claim to have despotic power over its subjects.
4.5 Rebellion and Regicide
At the end of the Second Treatise we learn about the nature of illegitimate civil governments and the conditions under which rebellion and regicide are legitimate and appropriate. As noted above, scholars now hold that the book was written during the Exclusion crisis, and may have been written to justify a general insurrection and the assassination of the king of England and his brother. The argument for legitimate revolution follows from making the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate civil government. A legitimate civil government seeks to preserve the life, health, liberty and property of its subjects, insofar as this is compatible with the public good. Because it does this it deserves obedience. An illegitimate civil government seeks to systematically violate the natural rights of its subjects. It seeks to make them illegitimate slaves. Because an illegitimate civil government does this, it puts itself in a state of nature and a state of war with its subjects. The magistrate or king of such a state violates the law of nature and so makes himself into a dangerous beast of prey who operates on the principle that might makes right, or that the strongest carries it. In such circumstances, rebellion is legitimate as is the killing of such a dangerous beast of prey. Thus Locke justifies rebellion and regicide (regarded by many during this period as the most heinous of crimes) under certain circumstances. Presumably this was the justification that was going to be offered for the killing of the King of England and his brother had the Rye House Plot succeeded.
- Locke and Religious Toleration
Locke’s arguments for religious toleration connect nicely to his account of civil government. Locke defines life, liberty, health and property as our civil interests. These are the proper concern of a magistrate or civil government. The magistrate can use force and violence where this is necessary to preserve civil interests against attack. This is the central function of the state. One’s religious concerns with salvation, however, are not within the domain of civil interests, and so lie outside of the legitimate concern of the magistrate or the civil government. In effect, Locke adds an additional right to the natural rights of life, liberty, health and property — the right of freedom to choose one’s own road to salvation. (See the section on Toleration in the entry on Locke’s Political Philosophy.)
Source: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/
Fundamental principles of law and justice in the opening title of Johannes Voet’s Commentarius ad Pandectas
By Andrew Domanski – Honorary Associate Professor, School of Law, University of the Witwatersrand
Here is Voet’s opening statement, from which everything else in the Commentarius flows:
[Historical study of the human race invariably shows that] in no place, and in no time, did it exist without laws regulating the right and the honourable (bonum et aequum) … [Even after the fall,] there remained in the hearts of men some remnants of an imprinted, inborn divinity: some rules of justice and equity, divinely engraved and inborn: dictating unto each one what was lawful and what was unlawful, what to do, and what to avoid. Each one, discussing these rules within himself, with a sedate mind, and cogitating them by himself, could not fail to recall them, though by strength not his own, since not merely did the sacred writings point them out to him, but also the teachings of the best and most learned of mankind …
From this statement, a number of conclusions follow: Mankind has never at any time or in any place been without law. The original source of law is within us, not outside us. Thus any model of law which does not consider its source within our human nature, but treats it only as a construct external to man, is defective and incomplete. Any outer expression of law in the form of speech or writing is, without exception, the ex post facto product or offspring of an internal precursor, which is inherent in our human nature. From the first creation of mankind, this inborn, inherent law has always regulated, from within us, what is right and honourable (bonum et aequum), what is just and equitable, what is lawful, what to do and what to avoid. Thus no-one may plead ignorance of these inner dictates of justice and equity.
Read full article at: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1021-545X2013000200004
Moral Law
All who are loyal to the laws that govern logic and right reason acknowledge that it is impossible for man to create a universal moral law. At the same time, those who are wise also recognize it is equally impossible to maintain a free and self-governing society without a universal moral law: a moral law that applies to everyone equally – especially those who lead and rule over society. But a universal law requires a Law Giver, and if logic dictates that it cannot be a man, then that leaves no choice but that there must be a Creator. If there is not, then man would have to invent one, each by their own belief, unless society stays forever under the oppression of the law of the jungle: the law of ‘might-makes-right.’
Fortunately, there have been people who have discovered that a Universal Law of Morality does exist and that the human heart is born with a natural ability to recognize it. Job did it, as well as Cicero and the Apostle Paul and Locke after him. Jefferson even echoed that it is self-evident. Even as children, we recognize when we have been wronged. It’s just that we lose this ability with time. As we grow more and more self-absorbed we lose touch with our conscience. But this does not mean that law ceases to exist: it does not. If it did; if there were no moral law; then the notion of any law would be an absurdity.
Native American Wisdom
The customs and sacred laws of First Nations and Indigenous Peoples are closer to natural law than man-made written laws;
The Natural Laws are not Written on paper, they are Written in our Hearts.
You don’t know how an apple tastes until you taste it.
You don’t know what a fish tastes like until you eat it.
You don’t know how it is to be a woman unless you are one.
You don’t know what it means to have a baby until you have one.
So it is with the natural laws.
An example: the natural law of forgiveness says, if you hate someone, pray for the person to be blessed with happiness, joy and all the blessings of the Great Spirit.
You will not know about this law unless you do it.
The natural law says love others as you love yourself.
If you hate yourself or feel guilt in some area of yourself, you will tend to judge and condemn your neighbour.
You cannot give away what you don’t have.
You teach your children by your example, not by your words.
The natural laws are written in our hearts.
Great Spirit, teach me how to look into my heart.
– White Bison’s Philosophy
Download a collection: NATIVE AMERICAN WISDOM
ALL UNIVERSAL LAWS AND PRINCIPLES GOVERNING LIFE
A 21st century perspective on what we consider an awakened perspective;
Compiled By Niall Nicholson
This book is dedicated to the Benefit of All Sentient Beings, so That everyone Who reads this Book shall find Some measure of Peace.
Download pdf at: http://www.federaljack.com/ebooks/Spirituality/all%20universal%20laws%20and%20principles.pdf
Law of Commerce
When law began to emerge into peoples’ conscience, deed, thought and word then followed the next order of law on earth. The most fundamental law of all human law has to do with survival which is a universal principle. It has to do with human interactions, of any kind, any relationships, buying, selling or trading or relating in any way. It is based upon treating or dealing with others the way that you would like to be treated or dealt with. This is the Law of Commerce.
The Law of Commerce has been in operation since man interacted with each other starting many thousands of years ago through the Sumerian/Babylonian era where it was codified and enforced. Ancient artefacts dating over 6,000 old reveal that the system was so complex it even included receipts, coined money, shopping lists, manifestos and a postal system with the medium being in baked clay.
The principles, maxims and precepts of Commerce Law are eternal, unchanging and unchangeable. They are expressed in the Bible, both the Old Testament and the New. The law of commerce has plagued people for more than 6000 years. This law of commerce, unchanged for thousands of years, forms the underlying foundation for all law and governments on earth.
It is the Law of Nations and everything that human civilization is built upon. This is why it is so powerful. When people operate at this level, by these precepts, nothing that is of inferior statute can overturn or change it or abrogate it or meddle with it. It remains the fundamental source of authority and power and functional reality.
Further information on commerce at: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/commerce/
The Affidavit
Commerce in everyday life is the vehicle or glue that holds, or binds, the corporate body politic together. More specifically, commerce consists of a mode of interacting, doing business, or resolving disputes whereby all matters are executed under oath, certified on each patty’s commercial liability by sworn affidavit, or what is intended to possess the same effect, as true, correct, and complete, not misleading, the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
This affidavit is usually required for an application for a driver’s license, and SARS tax form, a voter’s registration, a direct Treasury Account, a Notary’s “Copy Certification” or certifying a document, and on nearly every single document that the system desires others to be bound or obligated. Such means of signing is an oath, or Commercial Affidavit, executed under penalty of perjury, “true, correct, and complete”. Whereas in a court setting testimony (oral) is stated in judicial terms by being sworn to be “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God.”
In addition to asserting all matters under solemn oath of personal, commercial, financial, and legal liability for the validity of each and every statement, the participant must provide material evidence, i.e. ledger, or bookkeeping, providing the truth, validity, relevance, and verifiable of each and every particular assertion to sustain credibility. Commerce is antecedent to and more fundamental to society that courts or legal systems, and exists and functions without respect to courts or legal systems. Commercial Law, the non-statutorily variety as presented below in maxims 1 through 10, is the economic extension of Natural Law into man’s social world and is universal in nature. The foundation, invariant, necessary, and sufficient principles or “Maxims of Commerce” pertaining herein are:
However, we are finding in the 21st century that these laws are no longer being adhered to and leading to a lack of morals and ethics in commerce.
For further information go to: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/commerce/
Common Law
As a derivative of Commercial law, being removed from natural law, and therefore inferior, is Common Law (common [L co together + munis service, gift, exchange] to exchange together). This emerged, basically, in England out of disputes over a portion of the earth in allodium (sovereign ownership of land) and was based on “common” sense. So, common law is the law of the earth. Common law gave rise to the jury system and many writs and processes which governments have absorbed and statutized and made into rules and regulation processes in courts.
Further information at: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/common-law/
Common Law procedures were based on the opportunity ‘to face your accuser or the injured party’ in front of witnesses to sort out the problem directly. This process was never intended to include ‘lawyers, attorneys or judges’ who are in fact ‘construing their own law’, as these ‘titles’ are all based upon the fiction of ‘representation’ which can never ‘be the real thing’.
After common law come governments, and their laws and legislative regulations of the sovereign states. The only ‘laws’” that the state can create is to ‘allow commerce to flow more efficiently WITHIN the state’. The only ‘law’ that government can create is to ‘allow commerce to flow more efficiently BETWEEN the states.’ It was never intended to regulate people – the sovereigns.
For further material on peoples’ rights: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/your-rights/
Below that is politics and the private copyrighted company policy of foreign corporations such as REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA (Pty) Ltd, … PROVINCE, THE MUNICIPALITYY OF…, THE CITY OF…, etc. The purpose of these “municipalities” [L munus service, gift, exchange + capere to take; to take service and exchange] is to “govern” fictitious entities such as JOHN DOE and SPAR – not to regulate people.
One of our problems is that when we engage with government, municipalities and other such elements, in all our dealings in the law when have been conditioned to interact on and in the law of the sea as opposed to the law of the land. We have never risen to the level where all people are equal and accountable as peers at natural law and natural justice. This is the remedy against despotic tyrannies.
For more information on your rights go to: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/your-rights/
The Law – Claude Frédéric Bastiat
Claude Frédéric Bastiat 1801-1850 was a French classical liberal theorist, political economist and member of the French National Assembly. After the middle-class Revolution of 1830 he became politically active and was elected justice of the peace of Mugron in 1831. He was elected to the national legislative assembly soon after the French Revolution of 1848. Bastiat’s most famous work is The Law, originally published as a pamphlet in 1850. It defines a just system of laws and then demonstrates how such law facilitates a free society.
“The state is that great fiction by which everyone tries to live at the expense of everyone else.” – Frederic Bastiat
He wrote that everyone has a right to protect “his person, his liberty, and his property”. The State should be only a “substitution of a common force for individual forces” to defend this right. “Justice” (defense of one’s life, liberty, property) has precise limits, but if government power extends further it becomes so limitless that it can grow endlessly. The resulting statism is “based on this triple hypothesis: the total inertness of mankind, the omnipotence of the law, and the infallibility of the legislator.” The public then becomes socially-engineered by the legislator and must bend to the legislators’ will “like the clay to the potter”:
Like others, Bastiat recognized that the greatest single threat to liberty is government. Notice the clarity he employs to help us identify and understand evil government acts such as legalized plunder. Bastiat says, “See if the law takes from some persons what belongs to them, and gives it to other persons to whom it does not belong. See if the law benefits one citizen at the expense of another by doing what the citizen himself cannot do without committing a crime.” With such an accurate description of legalized plunder, we cannot deny the conclusion that most government activities, including ours, are legalized plunder, or for the sake of modernity, legalized theft.
We support Bastiat in that the law becomes perverted when it punishes one’s right to self-defense (of his life, liberty, and property) in favor of another’s right to “legalized plunder,” which he defines as: “if the law takes from some persons what belongs to them, and gives it to other persons to whom it does not belong. See if the law benefits one citizen at the expense of another by doing what the citizen himself cannot do without committing a crime.” Bastiat was thus against redistribution. The following are extracts which are as necessary and relevant today as then.
Bastiat asks:
“What, then, is law? It is the collective organization of the individual right to lawful defence.
Each of us has a natural right—from God—to defend his person, his liberty, and his property. These are the three basic requirements of life, and the preservation of any one of them is completely dependent upon the preservation of the other two.
For what are our faculties but the extension of our individuality?
And what is property but an extension of our faculties?”
Download annexure: THE LAW – BASTIAT
Download full text: The Law by Frédéric Bastiat (A. D. 1850)
Much has been written on what law is and every judge and jury would rule differently. In the U.S. statistics show that in only 19% of all cases do the judge and jury agree on the ruling. The only remedy in law As Frank Collins from Ucadia Law says is knowledge of the true concepts of law.
Ucadia Law – The Law Explained
The only true remedy is proper knowledge
There is only one genuine remedy in law and it is knowledge – Knowledge of the truth of law – Knowledge of the true concepts of law. So, if you are not prepared to read or think or listen, then you are doomed to fail, one way or another. Yes, knowledge of law takes time. For some who are facing imminent threat of danger, there might be the excuse that they do not have the time – they need an answer now. This fear and imminent threat is often part of the sale pitch for material that ends up making issues worse for people, not better. Yet, the argument that knowledge of the law takes too much time is a bold faced lie and a complete falsity. I will prove it to you now. Go and have a look at Article 7 on the Constitutional Charter of the Globe Union. In 144 articles, phrases and single sentences, is more knowledge of law than you will find in a thousand pages of handouts of seminars. You could spend a hundred thousand dollars in courses and claimed remedies and not find more valuable knowledge.
Source: http://globe-union.org/covenant/
Download annexure: THE LAW EXPLAINED – UCADIA LAW
The Nature of Law
By Roderick T. Long
Most people take the terms order, law, and government to be coextensive. Without government, there would be no law. Without law, there would be no social order. In fact, however, the three concepts are distinct.
Law may be defined as that institution or set of institutions in a given society that adjudicates conflicting claims and secures compliance in a formal, systematic, and orderly way. Law thus defined is one species of social order, but not the whole of it; there are also less formal mechanisms for maintaining social order. Indeed, the vast bulk of cooperation in society in fact depends on informal order rather than on law.
Varieties of Law
Law may be subdivided into voluntary and coercive law, depending on the means whereby compliance is secured. Voluntary law, as the name implies, relies solely on voluntary means, such as social pressure, boycotts, and the like, in order to secure compliance with the results of adjudication. Coercive law, on the other hand, relies at least in part on force and threats of force.
Coercive law in turn may be further subdivided into monocentric and polycentric coercive law. Under monocentric coercive law, there is a single institution that claims, and in large part achieves, a coercive monopoly on the use of force to adjudicate claims and secure compliance in a given territorial area. This institution is called a government, and everyone other than the government and its agents is forbidden to adjudicate by force. Under polycentric law, by contrast, no one agency claims or possesses such a monopoly.
An anarchist, then, is not someone who rejects order or law or even coercive law, but rather one who rejects government. The anarchist argues that informal order, voluntary law, and polycentric coercive law are sufficient to maintain social cooperation; the advocate of government argues that monocentric coercive law is needed in addition, and indeed typically maintains that the amount of social order that can be maintained through non-governmental sources alone is quite small.
Download full text: The Nature of Law – Roderick T. Long
Maxims
Maxims are established principles in the law; we have extracted maxims from Law Dictionaries into one volume; see: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/maxims/
Judges and Lawyers have a code of ethics by which they have solemnly affirmed to act; however, we are finding them to be really “Bad Actors”; and, sorely wanting…
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
With amendments to February 24, 1970
Source: Black’s Law 4th Edition, 1968; revised 6 – 1971; page XVII
Preamble
The continued existence of a free and democratic society depends upon recognition of the concept that justice is based upon the rule of law grounded in respect for the dignity of the individual and his capacity through reason for enlightened self-government. Law so grounded makes justice possible, for only through such law does the dignity of the individual attain respect and protection. Without it, individual rights become subject to unrestrained power, respect for law is destroyed, and rational self-government is impossible.
Lawyers, as guardians of the law, play a vital role in the preservation of society. The fulfilment of this role requires an understanding by lawyers of their relationship with and function in our legal system. A consequent obligation of lawyers is to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct.
In fulfilling his professional responsibilities, a lawyer necessarily assumes various roles that require the performance of many difficult tasks. Not every situation which he may encounter can be foreseen, but fundamental ethical principles are always present to guide him. Within the framework of these principles, a lawyer must with courage and foresight be able and ready to shape the body of the law to the ever-changing relationships of society.
Download annexure: CODE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
CANONS OF JUDICIAL ETHICS *
With Amendments to January 1, 1968
Source: Black’s Law 4th Edition, 1968; revised 6 – 1971; page LXIXI
Ancient Precedents.
“And I charged your judges at that time, saying Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God’s; and the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I wil hear it” — Deuteronomy, I, 16-17.
“Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shat not respect persons, neither take a gift; for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous.” — Deuteronomy, XVI, 19.
“We will not make any justiciaries, constables, sheriffs or bailiffs, but from those who understand the law of the realm and are well disposed to observe it.” — Magna Charta, XLV.
“Judges ought to remember that their office is jus dicere not jus dare; to interpret law, and not to make law, or give law.”
“Judges ought to be more learned than witty; more reverend than plausible; and more advised than confident. Above all things, integrity is their portion and proper virtue.”
“Patience and gravity of hearing is an essential part of justice; and an over speaking judge is no well-tuned cymbal. It is no grace to a judge first to find that which he might have heard in due time from the Bar, or to show quickness of conceit in cutting off evidence or counsel too short; or to prevent information by questions though pertinent.”
“The place of justice is a hallowed place; and therefore not only the Bench, but the foot pare and precincts and purprise thereof ought to be preserved without scandal and corruption.” — Bacon’s “Essay Of Judicature.”
Preamble.
In addition to the Canons for Professional Conduct of Lawyers which it has formulated and adopted, the American Bar Association, mindful that the character and conduct of a judge should never be objects of indifference, and that declared ethical standards tend to become habits of life, deems it desirable to set forth its views respecting those principles which should govern the personal practice of members of the judiciary in the administration of their office. The Association accordingly adopts the following Canons, the spirit of which it suggests as a proper guide and reminder for judges, and as indicating what the people have a right to expect from them.
Download annexure: CANONS OF JUDICIAL ETHICS
What separates Man from the beasts is the faculty of reason:
- “Ratio est radius divini luminis. Reason is a ray of the divine light.” Henry Campbell Black, A Law Dictionary (West Publishing Co.: St. Paul, Minn., 1891) (hereinafter “Black’s 1st”), p. 995.
- “Ratio est formalis causa consuetudinis. Reason is the formal cause of custom.” Id.
- “Ratio est legis anima, mutata legis ratione mutatur et lex. Reason is the soul of law ; the reason of law being changed, the law is also changed.” Id.
“Personal liberty consists in the power of locomotion, of changing situation, of removing one’s person to whatever place one’s inclination may direct, without imprisonment or restraint unless by due course of law.” William Blackstone and John Innes Clark Hare, cited in John Bouvier, Bouvier’s Law Dictionary, Third Revision (Being the Eighth Edition), revised by Francis Rawle (West Publishing Co.: St. Paul, Minn., 1914) (hereinafter “Bouvier’s”), p. 1965 (s.v. “Liberty”).
“Due process of law is process according to the law of the land. . . .” Mr. Justice Matthews, delivering the opinion of the Court in Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516, 533, 3 Sup. Ct. 111, 292, 28 L. Ed. 232 (1884).
“Under the Roman law, civil liberty was the affirmance of a general restraint, while in our law it is the negation of a general restraint.” Ordronaux’s Constitutional Legislation, quoted in Bouvier’s, p. 1965 (s.v. “Liberty”).
“Boni judicis est lites dirimere, ne lis ex lite oritur, et interest republicæ ut sint fines litium. It is the duty of a good judge to prevent litigations, that suit may not grow out of suit, and it concerns the welfare of a state that an end be put to litigation.” Id. at 2127.
Old authorities – Law dictionaries
A list of dictionaries to find original definitions and meanings of words in; we find that Black’s Law Dictionary 4th Edition is sufficient as it has lawful and legal definitions.
Other law dictionaries:
Webster’s 1828; Merriam-Webster Unabridged; Burn, A New Law Dictionary; Williams Law Dictionary; Bouvier Vol 1 A Law Dictionary; Bouvier Vol 2 A Law Dictionary; Holthouse A New Law Dictionary; Scott Military Dictionary; Abbott Vol 1 of 2; Abbott Vol 2 of 2; Rapalje Vol 1 A Dictionary of American and English Law; Rapalje Vol 2 A Dictionary of American and English Law; Bouvier Vol 1; Bouvier Vol 2; Stroud 2 Vol 1; Stroud 2 Vol 2; Stroud 2 Vol 3; Mozley Whiteley Law Dictionary; Stimson Vorhees A Concise Law Dictionary of Words Phrases; Thomson Dictionary of banking; Cahill The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary;
Most of which can be downloaded from: https://1215.org/
What is the Rule of Law?
Derived from internationally accepted standards, the World Justice Project’s definition of the rule of law is a system in which the following four universal principles are upheld:
- The government and its officials and agents as well as individuals and private entities are accountable under the law.
- The laws are clear, publicized, stable, and just; are applied evenly; and protect fundamental rights, including the security of persons and property and certain core human rights.
- The process by which the laws are enacted, administered, and enforced is accessible, fair, and efficient.
- Justice is delivered timely by competent, ethical, and independent representatives and neutrals who are of sufficient number, have adequate resources, and reflect the makeup of the communities they serve.
These four universal principles are further developed in the following nine factors of the WJP Rule of Law Index, which measures how the rule of law is experienced by ordinary people in 99 countries around the globe.
Source: http://worldjusticeproject.org/what-rule-law
WJP Rule of Law Index 2015
The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index® provides original, impartial data on how the rule of law is experienced by the general public in 102 countries around the globe.
Source: http://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index
Laws & Words That Enslave Us – Dr Johan Joubert
A series of Audio Files containing interviews with the late Dr Johan Joubert who dedicated his life to bring us enlightenment and freedom from unlawful financial tyranny – How Admiralty Law is used to control humanity by turning us all into proverbial cargo. http://micro2.majesticinteractive.co.za/bf.php?fid=813
CITIZEN AS A LEGAL FICTION
by LB Bork lb@pacinlaw.us
“The wise know their weakness too well to assume infallibility; and he who knows most, knows best how little he knows.” —Thomas Jefferson
INTRODUCTION: Herein is material that may be hard for many to comprehend and accept. That being the case, after studying law for over twenty years this jurist finds that people believe what they want to believe1… even though it’s to their detriment.2 Such wanton delusion is most unfortunate…
“Billions of people just living out their lives… oblivious.” —Agent Smith, The Matrix
SYLLABUS: Herein a brief explanation is laid on how the Fourteenth Amendment operates in reference to a citizen in regard to legal fictions (i.e., or presumptions).3 While studying this material, please keep in mind a master can give any “right” to his slaves that he deems appropriate.
Download pdf at: http://pacinlaw.us/pdf/Citizen_Legal_Fiction.pdf
Jurisdiction
No court and no judge can overturn or disregard or abrogate somebody’s Affidavit of Truth. The only one who has any capacity or right or responsibility or knowledge to rebut their Affidavit of Truth is the one who is adversely affected by it. It’s their job, their right, their responsibility to speak for themselves and to issue their own affidavit because no one can speak it for them. No one else can know what their truth is or has the free-will responsibility to state it. This is the plaintiff’s job.
When we do a counterclaim does that mean their claim is no longer active?
Yes, courts temporarily lose jurisdiction because in the first cause of action the question of jurisdiction is the issue. They must prove they have jurisdiction before they may proceed.
“Jurisdiction of the person and of the subject matter is not alone conclusive [and] the jurisdiction of the court to make or render the order or judgment” depends upon due observance of the constitutional rights of the accused. 25 Am.Jur., Habeas Corpus, sec. 27, p. 161. See also Palmer v. Ashe, [342 U.S. 134, 72 S.Ct. 191, 96 L.Ed. 154].
Download: Courts may not proceed when jurisdiction is challenged
Understanding Jurisdiction in Law – InPower
This video explains how jurisdictions work in law and how you consent to the Admiralty jurisdiction by hiring an attorney or lawyer.
Post navigatio
SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
It’s all about subject-matter-jurisdiction; from the herein information, one will discover that Admiralty courts in fact have no jurisdiction over we, the people and can only concern themselves with commercial transactions between pieces of paper.
SUPREME COURT RULING – NO CORPORATE JURISDICTION OVER THE NATURAL MAN Supreme Court of the United States 1795, “Inasmuch as every government is an artificial person, an abstraction, and a creature of the mind only, a government can interface only with other artificial persons. The imaginary, having neither actuality nor substance, is foreclosed from creating and attaining parity with the tangible. The legal manifestation of this is that no government, as well as any law, agency, aspect, court, etc. can concern itself with anything other than corporate, artificial persons and the contracts between them.” S.C.R. 1795, (3 U.S. 54; 1 L.Ed. 57; 3 Dall. 54)
And, when one objects to the subject-matter-jurisdiction the court may not proceed.
“Jurisdiction, once challenged, is to be proven, not by the court, but by the party attempting to assert jurisdiction. The burden of proof of jurisdiction lies with the asserter. The court is only to rule on the sufficiency of the proof tendered.” See, McNutt v. General Motors Acceptance Corp, 298 U.S. 178 (1936). The origins of this doctrine of law may be found in MAXFIELD v. LEVY, 4 U.S. 330 (1797), 4 U.S. 330 (Dall.) 2 Dall. 381 2 U.S. 381 1 L.Ed. 424
Download and read: 2016 SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
‘CORPUS DELICTI’: (produce the body)
In cases where a corporation or government takes a ‘citizen’ to court there is never a body of a people. There has to be a real accuser and a real injury:
“As a general principal, standing to invoke the judicial process requires an actual justiciable controversy as to which the complainant has a real interest in the ultimate adjudication because he or she has either suffered or is about to suffer an injury.” People v. Superior Court, 126 Cal.Rptr.2d 793.
Download and read: 2016 CORPUS DELICTI
Sovereignty:
Refer to the Your Rights page at https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/your-rights/
The highest law is divine being a rule given by divine instruction as nothing may contradict such a rule. The second highest law be the reason of mind, being an edict given by a great council of wise elders or jurists, as nothing absurd and without good reason may be considered law. The third highest law be the law of the people, as the consent and will of the people is the source of true authority. The 144 truths of law at the below link best sums up what law is.
144 Truths of Law: http://globe-union.org/covenant/article/7.html
Natural law can be said to be the Law of Consequences. Instead of learning divine law that is very evident in the design of the world around us and within us, we are now told to learn it from a book written by men. Further background on natural law at: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/what-is-law/
Restitution undoes some of the initial harm and puts a stop to the ongoing harm to the individual and society.
Punishment is just more violence and does not improve the situation for the victim. It just creates more violence and violence begets more violence making the situation for society worse. This suits some people and these legal codes spawned a rash of lawyers, our modern day scribes.
So we have a legal system that proposes to combat violence with more violence and just makes matters worse. Has all the money spent on lawyers and the legal system seriously inhibited crime? No, it clearly doesn’t work as advertised.
Restorative Justice as a remedy: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/restorative-justice/
Man’s Law in place of Divine Law. What could possibly go wrong?
Canon Law spawned Maritime Law (sometimes called Law of the Sea or Mercantile Law) which, in turn spawned modern Commercial Law and our whole legal system. The other branch of our law, the Criminal Code, which is supposed to be based on Common Law which, in turn, is supposed to be based on Natural Law (but isn’t) is no better because Criminal Law is based on the concept of punishment (Canon Law again) and not on Restitution which is demanded by Natural Law. The misnamed ‘Age of Discovery‘ brought countless misery on the First Nations and Indigenous Peoples of the world. Read further at: https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/age-of-discovery/
Jesús Huerta de Soto
- HISTORICAL VIOLATIONS OF THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE MONETARY, IRREGULAR-DEPOSIT, CONTRACT
In this chapter we will present various examples to show how bankers have throughout history violated traditional legal principles in the irregular deposit, and we will consider the reasons behind the failure of society’s regulatory mechanisms to put a stop to these abuses. We will also contemplate the role of governments in this process. Far from endeavoring to scrupulously defend property rights, they supported bankers’ improper activity almost from the beginning and granted exemptions and privileges in order to take advantage of this activity for their own uses. Thus the intimate complicity and solidarity traditionally present (and still existent) in relations between state and bank institutions. To understand why the different attempts to legally justify abuses have failed, we must first properly understand the legally corrupt origin of fractional reserves in monetary bank deposits.
1 – INTRODUCTION
In the last chapter we presented the clear, coherent legal nature of the monetary irregular-deposit contract. Undoubtedly, those who from the beginning received money from their fellow citizens for safekeeping knew the obligations they were taking on, specifically, to guard the tantundem like a good parent, to keep it constantly available to the depositor. This is precisely the meaning of safekeeping in a deposit contract of a fungible good. However, while the legal nature of the irregular deposit contract is clear and easy to understand, human nature is imperfect and weak. Therefore it is comprehensible that those receiving monetary deposits were tempted to violate the safekeeping obligation and use for themselves money that should have been kept available to others. The temptation was very strong: without depositors realizing it, bankers could handle large amounts of money; and if they used it well, it could generate substantial profit or interest, which bankers could keep without openly harming anyone.1 Given the weakness of human nature and the almost irresistible temptation felt by bankers, it is comprehensible that the traditional principles of safekeeping on which the monetary irregular-deposit contract is based were violated from the very beginning in a concealed manner. In addition, given the abstract, confusing nature of monetary relations, most citizens and the majority of authorities in charge of enforcing moral and legal principles failed to notice this phenomenon, except in rare instances.
And once abuses and cases of fraud began to surface and became better understood, the institution of banking had
1We are referring to the most obvious source of profit, which initially motivated bankers to misappropriate depositors’ money. In chapter 4 we will examine a source of much greater earnings: the power of bankers to issue money or create loans and deposits out of nowhere. The resulting profit is immensely larger; however, as it arises from an abstract process, it is certain not even bankers were fully aware of it until very late in the evolution of finance. Nevertheless, the fact that they did not understand, but only intuited, this second type of profit does not mean they failed to take advantage of it completely. In chapter 4 we will explain how bankers’ violation of traditional legal principles through fractional-reserve banking makes it possible to create loans out of nowhere, the return of which is then demanded in hard cash (with interest to boot!). In short, we are dealing with a constant, privileged source of funding in the shape of deposits bankers create out of nothing and constantly employ for their own uses.
Page 3 of 78 – already been in operation so long and had acquired such power that it was practically impossible to effectively curb corruption. Moreover, the gradual discovery authorities made of banks’ immense power to create money explains why, in most instances, governments ended up becoming accomplices to banking fraud, granting privileges to bankers and legalizing their improper activity, in exchange for the opportunity to participate, directly or indirectly, in their enormous profits. In this way they established an important alternative source of state funding. Furthermore, this corruption of the state’s traditional duty to define and defend property rights was encouraged by governments’ enormous, recurrent need for resources, due to their historical irresponsibility and lack of financial control. Thus, a more and more perfect symbiosis or community of interests was formed between governments and bankers, a relationship which to a great extent still exists today.
However, despite the complexity of the above situation, certain shrewd thinkers long ago began to understand it. Doc tor Saravia de la Calle, in his book, Instrucción de mercaderes, attributes the destructive effects of banking to the fact that
man’s insatiable greed has so thoroughly banished his fear of God and sense of shame, and I even believe it is due to the neglect of the republic’s spiritual and temporal leaders.2
If Saravia de la Calle shows any weakness, it is an excess of charity toward the leaders. He correctly attributes fraud in the irregular deposit to men’s frailty or greed, but he only holds the leaders responsible for their “neglect” in not being able to end abuses. Historical events reveal that, apart from demonstrating undeniable neglect, on many occasions governments have clearly and explicitly taken advantage of the large profits of the banking “business.”
2Luis Saravia de la Calle, Instrucción de mercaderes (Medina del Campo: Pedro de Castro, 1544; Madrid: Colección de Joyas Bibliográficas, 1949), chap. 8, p. 179.
Source: http://www.jesushuertadesoto.com/money-bank-credit-and-economic-cycles/
Juan de Mariana and the Spanish Scholastics
Although Father Juan de Mariana wrote many books, the first one with a libertarian content was, perhaps, the book entitled De rege et regis institutione (“On the King and the Royal Institution”) published in 1598, in which he set forth his famous defence of tyrannicide. According to Mariana any individual citizen can justly assassinate a king who imposes taxes without the people’s consent, seizes the property of individuals and squanders it, or prevents a meeting of a democratic parliament (7). The doctrines contained in this book were apparently used to justify the assassination of the French tyrant kings Henry III and Henry IV and the book was burned in Paris by the executioner as a result of a decree issued by the Parliament of Paris on July 4, 1610 .(8)
In Spain, although the authorities were not enthusiastic about it, the book was respected. In fact, all Mariana did was to take the idea that natural law is morally superior to the might of the state to its logical conclusion. This idea had previously been developed in detail by the great founder of international law, the Dominican Francisco de Vitoria (1485-1546), who began the Spanish scholastic tradition of denouncing the conquest and particularly the enslavement of the Indians by the Spaniards in the New World.
But perhaps Mariana’s most important book was the work published in 1605 with the title De monetae mutatione (“On the alteration of money”) (9) In this book, Mariana began to question whether the king or governor was the owner of the private property of his vassals or citizens and reached the clear conclusion that he was not. The author then applied his distinction between a king and a tyrant and concluded that “the tyrant is he who tramples everything underfoot and believes everything to belong to him; the king restricts or limits his covetousness within the terms of reason and justice”.
From this, Mariana deduces that the king cannot demand tax without the people’s consent, since taxes are simply an appropriation of part of the subjects’ wealth. In order for such an appropriation to be legitimate, the subjects must be in agreement. Neither may the king create state monopolies, since they would simply be a disguised means of collecting taxes.
And neither may the king – this is the most important part of the book’s contents- obtain fiscal revenue by lowering the metal content of the coins. De Mariana realized that the reduction of the precious metal content in the coins and the increase in the number of coins in circulation is simply a form of inflation (although he does not use this word, which was unknown at the time) and that inflation inevitably leads to a rise in prices because, “if money falls from the legal value, all goods increase unavoidably, in the same proportion as the money fell, and all the accounts break down”.
Mariana describes the serious economic consequences to which the debasement and government tampering with the market value of money lead as follows:
“Only a fool would try to separate these values in such a way that the legal price should differ from the natural. Foolish, nay, wicked the ruler who orders that a thing the common people value, let as say, at five should be sold from ten. Men are guided in this matter by common estimation founded on considerations of the quality of things, and of their abundance or scarcity. It would be vain for a Prince to seek to undermine these principles of commerce. ‘Tis best to leave them intact instead of assailing them by force to the public detriment”. (10)
We should note how De Mariana refers to the fact that the “common estimation” of men is the origin of the value of things, thus following the traditional subjectivist doctrine of the scholastics, which was initially proposed by Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva. Read more at: http://www.jesushuertadesoto.com/articulos/articulos-en-ingles/juan-de-mariana-and-the-spanish-scholastics/
The Law of Nations
or the Principles of Natural Law (1758) Emmerich de Vattel
- Title Page, Advertisement, Prefaces – 67k
- Preliminaries – 50k
Book I: Of Nations Considered in Themselves
- 1: Of Nations or Sovereign States – 20k
- 2: General Principles of the Duties of a Nation Towards Herself – 29k
- 3: Of the Constitution of a State, and its Duties and Rights – 27k
- 4: Of the Sovereign, His Obligations, and His Rights – 62k
- 5: Of States, Elective, Successive, Hereditary and Patrimonial – 53k
- 6: Principal Objects of a Good Government; First, to Provide for Necessities – 14k
- 7: Of the Cultivation of the Soil – 18k
- 8: Of Commerce – 38k
- 9: Of the Care of the Public Ways; and of Tolls – 14k
- 10: Of Money and Exchange – 20k
- 11: Second Object of a Good Government, to Procure True Happiness – 45k
- 12: Of Piety and Religion – 115k
- 13: Of Justice and Polity – 55k
- 14: Third Object of a Good Government, to Fortify Itself Against Attacks – 27k
- 15: Of the Glory of a Nation – 20k
- 16: Protection Sought by a Nation, and Submission to a Foreign Power – 21k
- 17: How a Nation May Renounce Her Allegiance to Her Sovereign – 16k
- 18: Establishment of a Nation in a Country – 22k
19: Of Our Native Country, and Several Things That Relate to It – 49k- 20: Public, Common, and Private Property – 41k
- 21: Of the Alienation of the Public Properly, or the Domain – 25k
- 22: Of Rivers, Streams, and Lakes – 33k
- 23: Of the Sea – 40k
Book II: Of a Nation Considered in Her Relation to Other States
- 1: Of the Common Duties of a Nation Towards Other States – 57k
- 2: Of the Mutual Commerce Between Nations – 35k
- 3: Of the Dignity and Equality of Nations, of Titles, and Honour – 33k
- 4: Of the Right to Security, and the Independence of Nations – 36k
- 5: Of the Observance of Justice between Nations – 15k
- 6: Of the Concern a Nation May Have in the Actions of Her Citizens – 21k
- 7: Effects of the Domain, Between Nations – 43k
- 8: Rules Respecting Foreigners – 38k
- 9: Rights Retained after the Introduction of Domain and Property – 33k
- 10: How a Nation Is to Use Her Right of Domain – 26k
- 11: Of Usucaption and Prescription between Nations – 33k
- 12: Of Treaties of Alliance and Other Public Treaties – 109k
- 13: Of the Dissolution and Renewal of Treaties – 30k
- 14: Of Conventions Between the Sovereign and Private Persons – 59k
- 15: Of the Faith of Treaties – 40k
- 16: Of Securities Given for the Observance of Treaties – 49k
- 17: Of the Interpretation of Treaties – 162k
- 18: Of the Mode of Terminating Disputes Between Nations – 81k
Book III: Of War
- 1: Of War, its Different Kinds, and the Right of Making War – 17k
- 2: Of the Instruments of War, the Raising of Troops, etc. – 45k
- 3: Of the Just Causes of War – 73k
- 4: Of the Declaration of War, and of War in Due Form – 38k
- 5: Of the Enemy, and of Things Belonging to the Enemy – 18k
- 6: Of the Enemy’s Allies, Associations, Auxiliaries and Subsidies – 49k
- 7: Of Neutrality, and the Passage of Troops through a Neutral Country – 72k
- 8: Of the Rights of Nations in War, What We Have a Right to Do – 98k
- 9: Of the Right of War, with Respect to Things Belonging to the Enemy – 39k
- 10: Of Faith Between Enemies, of Stratagems, Artifices in War, and Spies – 44k
- 11: Of the Sovereign Who Wages an Unjust War – 18k
- 12: Of the Voluntary Law of Nations, as it Regards Regular Warfare – 23k
- 13: Of Acquisitions by War, and Particularly of Conquests – 46k
- 14: Of the Right of Postliminium – 39k
- 15: Of the Right of Private Persons in War – 31k
- 16: Of Various Conventions Made During the Course of the War – 65k
- 17: Of Safe-conducts and Passports, and Questions of Ransom – 36k
- 18: Of Civil War – 37k
Book IV: Of The Restoration of Peace: And of Embassies
- 1: Of Peace, and the Obligation to Cultivate It – 21k
- 2: Treaties of Peace – 45k
- 3: Of the Execution of the Treaty of Peace – 29k
- 4: Of the Observance and Breach of the Treaty of Peace – 48k
- 5: Of the Right of Embassy, of Sending and Receiving Public Ministers – 37k
- 6: Of the Several Orders of Public Ministers, and the Honours Due – 31k
- 7: Of the Rights, Privileges, and Immunities of Ambassadors, etc. – 127k
- 8: Of the Judge of Ambassadors in Civil Cases – 37k
- 9: Of the Ambassador’s House and Domestics – 39k
Source: http://www.lonang.com/exlibris/vattel/
The Law of Nations – Blackstone
The law of the sea legal beadles say that when case law fails then one must turn to the colonial “Old Authorities”; Sir William Blackstone is considered an old authority on the Laws of England; he states in Commentaries on the Laws of England Volume I (of 4 volumes):
ON THE STUDY OF THE LAW; page 36
His attention should be engaged, like that of the readers in Fortescue’s inns of chancery “in tracing out the originals, and, as it were, the elements of the law.”
For if, as Justinian has observed, the tender understanding of the student be loaded at the first with a multitude and variety of matter, it will either occasion him to desert his studies, or will carry him heavily through them, with much labour, delay, and despondence.
These originals should be traced to their fountains, as well as our distance will admit to the customs of the Britons and Germans, as recorded by Ceasar and Tacitus ; to the codes of the northern nations on the continent, and more especially to those of our own Saxon princes ; to the rules of the Roman law either left here in the days of Papinian, or imported by Vacarius and his followers ; but, above all, to that inexhaustible reservoir of [ 6 ] legal antiquities and learning, the feodal law, or, as Spelman has entitled it, the law of nations in our western orb.
These primary rules and fundamental principles should be weighed and compared with the precepts of the law of nature, and the practice of other countries ; should be explained by reasons, illustrated by examples, and confirmed by undoubted authorities ; their history should be deduced, their changes and revolutions observed, and it should be shewn how far they are connected with, or have at any time been affected by, the civil transactions of the kingdom.
If man were to live in a state of nature, unconnected with other individuals, there would be no occasion for any other laws, than the law of nature and the law of God. Neither could any other law possibly exist ; for a law always supposes some superior who is to make it ; and in a state of nature we are all equal, without any other superior but him who is the Author of our being. But man was formed for society ; and, as is demonstrated by the writers on this subject , is neither capable of living alone, nor indeed has the courage to do it.
Sir William Blackstone states:
“However, as it is impossible for the whole race of mankind to be united in one great society, they must necessarily divide into many; and form separate states, commonwealths, and nations, entirely independent of each other, and yet liable to a mutual intercourse. Hence arises a third kind of law to regulate this mutual intercourse, called ” the law of nations:” which, as none of these states will acknowledge a superiority in the other, cannot be dictated by any ; but depends entirely upon the rules of natural law, or upon mutual compacts, treaties, leagues, and agreements between these several communities : in the construction also of which compacts, we have no other rule to resort to, but the law of nature ; being the only one to which all the communities are equally subject : and, therefore, the civil law very justly observes, that quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituity vacatur Jus gentium.”
– Commentaries on the Laws of England Volume I; On The Nature of Laws in General; page 44
QUOD NATURALIS RATIO INTER OMNES HOMINES CONSTITUIT, VOCATUR JUS GENTIUM. That which natural reason has established among all men is called the “law of nations.” 1 Bl.Comm. 43; Dig. 1, 1, 9; Inst. 1, 2, 1.
However, I therefore style these parts of our own leges non scriptae, because their original institution and authority are not set down in writings as acta of parliament are, but they receive their binding power, and the force of laws, by long and immemorial usage, and by their universal reception throughout the kingdom.
Further Reading
http://ucadia.com/gen_laws.htm
http://blog.ucadia.com/2014/06/the-true-rule-of-law-defined-any-law.html
http://one-heaven.org/home.php
http://one-heaven.org/canons/positive_law/article/259.html
http://one-evil.org/content/home.html
Giftoftruth Southern Africa 
Can someone please briefly (in laymen’s terms) explain the difference between legislation (wetgewing) and law (wet)?
According to Google: once legislation is being passed by parliament, it became act or law.
The act of giving or enacting laws. State v. Hyde, 121 Ind. 20, 22 N. E. 044. (Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed. – Definition of legislation)
On what bases can we then claim that legislation is not laws?
Hi Isaac, very good questions. Keep in mind that Google lies because it’s Mommy and Daddy are bad people. Just like Chappie in the movie…
Here is the truthful answer to your question:
https://giftoftruth.wordpress.com/2023/02/24/acts-codes-and-statutes-are-not-laws/
Many Thanks, I do appreciate.
LAW Definition (Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed.):
1. That which is laid down, ordained, or established. A rule or method according to which phenomena or actions coexist or follow each other.
2. A system of principles and rules of human conduct, being the aggregate of those commandments and principles which are either prescribed or recognized by the governing power in an organized jural society as its will in relation to the conduct of the members of such society, and which it undertakes to maintain and sanction and to use as the criteria of the actions of such members. “Law” is a solemn expression of legislative will. It orders and permits and forbids. It announces rewards and punishments. Its provisions generally relate not to solitary or singular cases, but to what passes in the ordinary course of affairs. Civ. Code La. arts. 1. 2. “Law,” without an article, properly implies a science or system of principles or rules of human conduct, answering to the Latin “jus;” as when it is spoken of as a subject of study or practice. In this sense, it includes the decisions of courts of justice, as well as acts of the legislature. The judgment of a competent, court, until reversed or otherwise superseded, is law, as much as any statute. Indeed, it may happen that a statute may be passed in violation of law, that is, of the fundamental law or constitution of a state; that it is the prerogative of courts in such cases to declare it void, or, in other words, to declare it not to be law. Rurrill.
3. A rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a, state. 1 Steph. Comm. 25; Civ. Code Dak.
I want to focus on point 2 of the above where it reads: “… In this sense, it includes the decisions of courts of justice, as well as acts of the legislature. The judgment of a competent, court, until reversed or otherwise superseded, is law, as much as any statute. …”
To my understanding of this, in order to claim legislation is not law, we must first be able to proof that the “courts of justice”, the decisions they make, and their competency is at question and that these legislations which are declared as laws must first be reversed or superseded before we can claim they are merely legislations and not law. Once the “courts” has passed a legislation to act as law, it became law and is not legislation anymore.
We can’t argue that something they want to impose on us is unlawful once the legislation is being passed. At such a “late” stage, we must then contend the competency of the court’s judgement. And as we all know, ALL courts, governments, banks, politicians etc. are captured and corrupt, thus we can’t argue against them on there playing field / courts (jurisdiction)!
What do I understand wrong or what do I miss?
What you are missing is that we are the supreme power and creators of government and “government” is merely our hired help – public servants.
The 1955 Freedom Charter declares: “No government can justly claim authority UNLESS it is based on the will of the people.”
Now, ask yourself, is government based on the will of the people?
100% correct, we forgot who we are. Government is NOT based on the will of the people, not anymore at least.
Regarding the declaration of the Freedom Charter of 1955:
In order for me to understand it properly; in order to support and agree with it, I’ll have to address and argue it at later stage and by other means than this.
Personally, I think we will have to go way, WAY BACK than even the time of the F.C. to find TRUE freedom. There were several “key instances” in the history of SAR that played a key role in obtaining freedom for the sovereign people of this country.
In Truth!
Hi Isaac, the tribal kingdoms just need to restore their pre-treaty staus; most of them have treaties recognising their sovereignty from the British Crown;
But, they are scarced the welfare nanny state will cut off their maintenance bucks, not realizing how much more they could have without it;
Now, if they have that right so do we whities; and it is recognised in section 39 of the Bill of Rights; we just have to get on with it;
This is not a question, rather a statement of understanding/action. Maybe it should have been posted under the “Your Rights” tab, but it concerns my previous 2 comments. I apologies, please keep in mind that I’m no “law” expert. I’m just another one who can see the need and urgency for being free, who wants to LEARN and help others!
The way I understand, what needs to be done with proper backing under the common law is to “Nail it to their door like Martin Luther did”:
1. The sovereign, emancipated, unincorporated living human beings who are citizens of SAR MUST DECLARE that we DO NOT recognize this RSA INC., this de facto government, their courts and legalese, their authorities and enforcement agencies (ALL of them), their corrupt political system, their fraudulent banking system and institutes etc. and that we are standing separated from their self-imposed/declared “laws”, jurisdictions and regulations.
2. We want to be governed by our own elect, elected under a sovereign system and operating under the common laws in the correct jurisdiction.
3. There must be an excepted “way of proof” (be it a card or a single certificate), let’s call it: “I’ve Claim My Live Back” -card, that must be on-hand by each emancipated wo/man, who has reclaimed her/his status as a creditor of the land (no more property of the government) that can be presented to the authorities and alike to show that we are set apart from their “laws” and persons.
4. (I know this is something you are busy with…) Declare/Create a de jure government and jural assembly who are serving the sovereign citizens of SAR and NOT the other way around.
Maybe all of the above is in the wrong order of action and not conveyed correctly (Afrikaans is my home language and I HATE law for obvious reasons), but the idea I’m getting at is that; it shouldn’t be necessary for each and every “person” who wants to be emancipated (free from slavery), to study and understand the “law” and try to “defend” themself or their family against what is going on in this country and around the rest of the world per say.
With all being said: please keep in mind that the system of the beast won’t be stopped by us. It is Scriptural and prophetic, and it will be enforced and “perfected” until the real Messiah RETURNS. Only He will set us Truly FREE! But what He expects from me is that I MUST resist it and must COME OUT OF HER! I’m in this world but can’t be part of it. I WILL be (are, in fact) prosecuted, judged and probably killed (in accordance with their systems/laws) for opposing or not obeying the beast. If this cost me my earthly life, so be it. His Will shall prevail. How far am I (and those who agree) prepared to go? Literally gave up and lose EVERYTHING, for the Good!
In Truth!
Hi Isaac, noted; bear in mind our focus is not to fight the beast but lay the foundations for the new earth where we will reign equally as sovereigns; No point in arriving there and we don’t know how to self-govern 🙂
Correct, we can’t fight the beast, it’s not our fight anyway, it’s Elohim’s (God’s) fight. We need to oppose it, defend and protect ourselves against the beast and we must try not to be part of it. And exactly that is what Giftoftruth are doing. To me personally, THAT is the first goal. I take my hat off to you, but I give the Glory to Elohim!
I don’t think I’m wrong; We (mankind as a whole) are in “the last days”; like in the “days of Noah” – lawlessness, without Elohim! Satan and his serpents are aware of the fact that they are running out of time. Their judgement (and ours) is coming, and they want to prevent His return or the “need” for His return. But we know Who will triumph.
If I’m correct; WE are not going to “create” a new world, Elohim will, and His Son will be the King thereof. Those who are worthy enough will reign and self-govern WITH Him according to His Instructions and His Commands, not ours.
Thus, the foundation that we need to build, the knowledge that we need to have and the character that it will take, must be founded on His Word. Or we are doomed to fail in whatever we try.
If I’m wrong and we are not in the last days yet, then you are 100% correct. When the opportunity arrives to self-govern again, it needs to be done on the right Foundation and we need to be ready to act!
In Truth!
brother, we are already in the time of tribulation and sorrows; But, the worst is yet to come. Pity those who do not believe they are eternal souls.
II Peter 3: 13 Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens, and a new earth, wherein dwells righteousness. 14 Wherefore (beloved) seeing that you look for such things, be diligent that you may be found of him in peace, without spot, and blameless.
100% we are on the same page.
Yes, the worst is still to come, and it MUST come. You can add verses 15-18 as well, with emphasis on last bit of verse 16 and verse 17. And as verse 18 ends: ALL the Glory to Him! So help us Elohim?
In Truth